英语句子成分如何划分?请讲解详细

句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

1，主语

主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。

如：

讲述“谁” We work in a big factory.

讲述“什么” The classroom is very big.

数词作主语 Three are enough.

从句作主语 What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物.

▲ 在“There be …”句型中，主语的位置在中间。如：

There are some bottles of milk in the box.

▲ 在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。如：

It is very interesting toplay the game called “treat or trick”.

It took two workers aboutthree months to build the house.

2，谓语

谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。

如：He is very generous.

She looks very smart and cool

We have finished the job.

He can speak German.

3，表语

表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置在系动词后面。

形容词作表语

You look youngerthan before. 名词作表语

Myfather is a teacher. 副词作表语

Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语

They are at the theatre.不定式作表语

My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语

Her job is training the nurses.从句作表语

4，宾语

▲宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当，它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。有时，会有双宾语。

名词作宾语 He never forgives others for their mistakes.

代词做宾语 He often helps me.

不定式作宾语 He likes to sleep in theopen air.

动名词作宾语The Americans enjoyed livingin China.

从句做宾语 I believe that they can finish the work intime.

▲直接宾语和间接宾语

及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当。如：

We brought themsome food.

主 谓 间宾 直宾

间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加to 或 for。

5，宾补

在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语＋宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.

如:

名词作宾补If you let me go, I’ll make you king.

形容词作宾补 Don’t make your hands dirty.

副词作宾补 We found Li Ming out when we arrived.

介词短语作宾补Make yourself at home.

省略to的不定式作宾补I saw a girl go into the building.

带to的不定式作宾补 The boy ordered the dog to lie down.

现在分词作宾补The boss kept them working all day.

过去分词作宾补Yesterday he got his leg broken.

在英语中,常见的“宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构有：

▲“宾语+名词”。常用于改结构的动词有：call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave等。

We call himJack.

They made Li Lei their monitor.

▲“宾语+形容词”。常见的动词有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。

如：Do you think his idea wrong?

We must keep our classroom clean.

We can’t leave him alone.

▲“宾语+副词”。副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。常见的副词有：down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等。

如：Let him in/ out.

Mr. Li droveus home.

When got there, we found him out.

▲“宾语+介词短语”。介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语（即宾语）所处的状态，两者有主表的关系。

如：We found everything in good order.

We regard him as our good friend.

He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain.

▲“宾语+不定式”

充当宾补的不定式有三种：

A 要求带to的不定式

B要求不带to的不定式let, make, see, hear, watch等

C 单词help 后可加 to 或不加 to

▲“宾语+现在分词”

现在分词作宾补，此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语，有着主谓关系。

I saw them playing on the playground.

I heard Mary singingin the classroom.

▲“宾语+过去分词”。

宾语和宾补之间是被动关系，过去分词表示被动和完成。

I had my bikestolen.

The teacherexplained again and again to make himself understood.

▲ 形式宾语＋形容词

We found itimpossible to get there before Saturday.

▲宾语+what从句

Call me what you like. Mr. Li has made the factory what it istoday.

The mountain village is different from what it wasten years ago.

6，定语

▲定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以充当定语。因为它是修饰名词或代词的，而名词和代词可以作主语、表语或宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。

形容词作定语 The black bike is mine.

代词作定语 What’s your name?

名词作定语 They madesome paper flowers.

介词短语作定语 The boys inthe room are in Class Three, Grade One.

从句作定语 The tall boy whois standing there is Peter.

▲修饰不定代词 something, anything, nothing, something, anyone, somebody,anybody, nobody 的定语必须后置。

如：We’ll go to have something English.

If you don’t know the answer, ask someone else.

Do you have anything important totell me?

▲介词短语作定语时要后置。

如：Do you know the boy behind thetree?

The students in the room are all my friends.

I think the picture on the left is better than the one on the right.

▲动词的不定式作定语时要后置

What about something to drink?

I have no time to travel to China is in Autumn or in Spring.

▲near by,below, downstairs等个别方位词作定语时要后置。

We are at the topof the hill. Can you see the village below?

The people downstairs are listening to a talk now?

7，状语

状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式，从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。

He did it carefully（程度状语）

They missed me very much.（程度状语）

Without his help, we couldn’t work itout.（条件状语）

In order to catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.（目的状语）

When I was young, I could swim well.（时间状语）

英语八大句子成分的区别是什么

1. 主语 (Subject): 主语是句子的核心部分，代表句子中执行动作的人、事物或概念。它通常由名词、代词或名词短语充当。主语对应动作的执行者或句子的主题。

例如：

The dog barked loudly.（那只狗大声吠叫。）- 本句中 The dog 是主语，表示执行动作的动物。

He loves reading books.（他喜欢读书。）- 本句中 He 是主语，代表执行动作的人。

主语在句子中非常关键，因为它指明了动作的发起者或句子所要谈论的对象。

2. 谓语 (Predicate): 谓语是句子中描述主语动作、状态或存在的部分。谓语由动词充当。它包含了动词及其相关的成分，用于说明主语正在进行的动作、所处的状态或存在的情况。

She sings beautifully.（她唱得很美。）- 本句中 sings beautifully 是谓语，描述了主语 She 正在进行的动作。

They are happy.（他们很快乐。）- 本句中 are happy 是谓语，说明了主语 They 的状态。

The cat is on the mat.（猫在垫子上。）- 本句中 is on the mat 是谓语，描述了主语 The cat 的位置状态。

谓语是句子中非常重要的一部分，它展示了动作或状态，并与主语相关联，构成了完整的句子意思。

3. 宾语 (Object): 动作的接受者、影响者或受事者，可分为直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语接受动作的直接影响，间接宾语是通过介词与动词连接的宾语。宾语由名词、代词、动名词、不定式或从句等充当。

She bought a new car.（她买了一辆新车。）- 本句中，a new car 是动词 bought 的直接宾语，表示购买的对象。

直接宾语 (Direct Object): 直接接受动作的对象。在句子中通常直接跟在动词后面。

间接宾语 (Indirect Object): 表示动作的受益者或接收者，通常在动词之后，直接宾语之前。

例如：He gave her a present （他给了他一份礼物。）-本句中 her 是间接宾语，a present 是直接宾语。

4. 表语（Predicative）：表语是指出现在系动词后面，说明主语状态、特征或身份的部分。表语由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或从句等充当，它和主语之间通过系动词（例如 am, is, are 等）相连。

举例来说：

She is a doctor.（她是医生。）- 本句中，a doctor 是表语，它描述了主语 She 的身份。

The flowers are beautiful.（这些花很美。）- 这里的 beautiful 是表语，描述了主语 The flowers 的特征。

5. 定语 (Adjective): 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的词语，用于描述或限制名词的特征或性质。定语由形容词、形容词短语或从句等充当，用于提供更多关于名词的信息或特征。它通常位于名词前面或后面。

The beautiful flowers bloomed in the garden.（美丽的花朵在花园里开放。）- 这里的 beautiful 是修饰名词 flowers 的定语，描述了花朵的特征。

The red car stopped at the intersection.（红色的车停在了路口。）- red 是修饰名词 car 的定语，说明了车子的颜色。

6. 状语 (Adverbial): 状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的词语、短语或从句。状语由副词、从句、介词短语等充当，用来说明动作的方式、时间、地点、原因、条件或程度。

He arrived yesterday.（他昨天到达。）这里的 yesterday 就是时间状语。

She looked everywhere for her keys.（她到处找她的钥匙。）这里的 everywhere 是地点状语。

He spoke loudly in the meeting.（他在会议上大声说话。）这里的 loudly 是方式状语。

She left because she was tired.（她离开了，因为她累了。）这里的 because 是原因状语。

状语为句子提供了更多的信息，帮助阐明动作发生的方式、时间、地点、原因等方面的情况。

7. 补语 (Complement): 补充说明主语或宾语的性质、状态或特征的部分，补语由形容词、名词等充当。

They painted the wall green.（他们把墙涂成了绿色。）

She believes him to be innocent.（她相信他是无辜的。）

8.同位语：同位语是指与名词或代词并列的另一个名词、代词、名词短语或从句。同位语由名词、形容词、从句等充当，用来进一步解释或说明同一个事物、人或概念。

The president, a prominent figure in politics, delivered a speech.（这位总统，在政治界是个重要人物，发表了一篇演讲。）- 本句中 a prominent figure in politics 是对 president 的进一步描述。

Her ambition, to become a doctor, was evident from a young age.（她想成为医生的抱负，从小就显而易见。）-本句中 to become a doctor 是对 ambition 的解释。

The idea, that life exists on other planets, fascinated scientists.（有生命存在于其他星球上的想法，让科学家着迷。）-本句中 that life exists on other planets 是对 the idea 的说明。

什么是英语的句子成分与结构

构成英语句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。英语句子的各部分组成结构叫做句型结构。

英语句子的组成成分叫句子成分，也叫句法成分。英语句子的基本成分有主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语。

英语句子的各部分组成结构叫做句型结构。有主谓结构、主系表结构、主谓宾结构、主谓双宾结构、主谓宾补结构等。

句子成分：

1、主语: 句子要说明的人或事物。

例：The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词）

Twenty years is a short time in history.(数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词）

To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句）

2、谓语（predicate）：说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

We study English. He is asleep.

注解：谓语也就是谓语动词充当，但谓语有很多种变体，因为它受到主语的影响，还有时态，主被动的变化，因此，同学们必须先会找出句子中的谓语。

3、表语（predicative）： 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）

Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词）

His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. （介词短语）

My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）

To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）

The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）

记忆窍门：保持感觉就是变态。（感觉就是感官动词，是就是be动词，还有表示变化的动词，保持就是表示维持一类的动词）

It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.

Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.

The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.

The door remains open. Now I feel tired.

4、（1）动作的承受者—动宾

I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）

How many do you need? We need two. （数词）

We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）

I hope to see you again. （不定式）

Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）

（2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词—介宾

Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.

(3） 双宾语—间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）

He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.

5、补语

宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

We elected him monitor。（名词）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名词）

We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 )

Please make yourself at home.（介词短语）Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）

His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）

Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）

主补：对主语的补充。

He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.

He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.

6、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）

We belong to the third world. （数词）

He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）

The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.（介词）

The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）

The trees planted last year are growing well now.（过去分词）

I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）

You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）

7、状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。

I will go there tomorrow.

The meeting will be held in the meeting room.

The meat went bad because of the hot weather.

He studies hard to learn English well.

He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.

If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

He goes to school by bike.

Though he is young, he can do it well.

8、同位语：一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。

Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's. 昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。

We Chinese people are brave and hardworking. 我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

The fact [that he had not said anything surprised everybody.

句子结构：1、主语+谓语。即构成一个最简单的句子。如：I dance.2、主语+谓语+宾语。宾语，就是主语借助一个动作作用的一个对象。如：I hate him.3、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。如：I give him a book.4、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。如：I want you to go with me.5、主语+系动词+表语。如：It smells good.

关于六一儿童节的英文句子三至五句

你好，很高兴为你解答。Today is Children '

sDay.I

am very

happy.Father

mather and I go to the

park.The

weather is windy

.I

like fly a kite. But my father and mather like read books. On the noon. We are go to the restaurant. We are happy!

祝福病人的成语或句子有哪些

祛病强身，早日康复 身体健康； 大吉大利点点星光点点明，缕缕春风缕缕情，深深祝福从不停，愿你保持好心情，早日脱困境，坚持到最后，康复一定行！

春花芬芳，春水流淌，深深祝福沸腾五脏；丝丝春风，暖阳当空，真诚情意洋溢心中。祝你健康早恢复，快乐伴你行！

春风徐徐很温柔，吹走不快和烦忧；

春雷声声似战鼓，敲出喜悦和富足；春潮滚滚奔向前，好运幸运来相连。祝福深深情无限，祝你早日康复，身体无恙。

不，我星期三拉小提琴。的英文句子怎么写

参考答案如下：

1. We went shopping last Sunday.

2. What's the date today?

3. I played the violin yesterday.

4. When did you go to bed?助你愉快学习！

英语长句子欣赏

以下是几个英语长句子，希望你会喜欢：

1. "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair." - Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities

2. "We are such stuff as dreams are made on, and our little life is rounded with a sleep." - William Shakespeare, The Tempest

3. "I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: 'We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.'" - Martin Luther King Jr., I Have a Dream

4. "She walks in beauty, like the night of cloudless climes and starry skies; And all that's best of dark and bright meet in her aspect and her eyes." - Lord Byron, She Walks in Beauty

这些句子不仅在语法和词汇上具有一定的难度，而且在表达的深度和美感上也有很高的水平。欣赏这样的句子可以帮助我们提高英语语感和表达能力。